Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which one vertebra slips forward over the one beneath it, leading to spinal instability and possible nerve compression. It most commonly affects the lower back (lumbar spine) and can develop due to age-related degeneration, stress fractures, congenital defects, or trauma.

Dr. Bansal focuses on precise diagnosis and a structured treatment plan aimed at stabilizing the spine, relieving nerve pressure, and restoring normal function.

Common Symptoms

  • Lower back pain:
    A persistent ache or sharp pain, often worsening with standing, walking, or bending backward.

  • Radiating leg pain (sciatica):
    If nerves are compressed, pain may travel from the lower back into the buttocks and legs.

  • Numbness or tingling:
    “Pins and needles” sensation in the legs or feet due to nerve involvement.

  • Muscle tightness and stiffness:
    Especially in the hamstrings, making movement restricted and uncomfortable.

  • Weakness in legs:
    In more advanced cases, patients may experience difficulty walking or maintaining balance.

  • Postural changes:
    A noticeable swayback posture or altered gait in some individuals.

Causes

  • Degenerative changes: Age-related wear and tear of discs and joints

  • Isthmic (stress fracture): Small fracture in a part of the vertebra (pars interarticularis)

  • Congenital defects: Present from birth

  • Trauma or injury: Sudden impact or accidents

  • Overuse (common in athletes): Repetitive stress on the spine

Grading of Severity

Spondylolisthesis is often graded based on the degree of slippage:

  • Grade I & II (mild to moderate): Less severe displacement

  • Grade III & IV (severe): Significant slippage and instability

Treatment decisions are based on these grades along with symptoms.

Treatment Approach

1. Conservative Management (Mild to Moderate Cases)

  • Pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory medications

  • Physiotherapy to strengthen core and back muscles

  • Postural correction and activity modification

  • Bracing (in selected cases) to support the spine

  • Lifestyle adjustments to avoid strain

Many patients improve with consistent non-surgical care.

 

2. Surgical Treatment (When Needed)

Surgery is recommended if:

  • Pain is severe or persistent

  • There is progressive nerve compression

  • Instability affects daily activities

  • Conservative treatment fails

Surgical options include:

  • Spinal stabilization (fusion):
    Two or more vertebrae are fused together using implants to prevent further slipping and restore stability.

  • Decompression surgery:
    Removal of pressure from affected nerves to relieve pain and neurological symptoms.

  • Minimally invasive techniques:
    Smaller incisions, reduced tissue damage, and faster recovery.

Expected Outcomes

  • Pain relief:
    Significant reduction in back and leg pain.

  • Improved stability:
    Restoration of proper spinal alignment and strength.

  • Better mobility:
    Easier movement and return to normal daily activities.

  • Prevention of progression:
    Stabilization helps stop further slippage and complications.

Early diagnosis and proper management are essential to prevent worsening of the condition. With a tailored treatment plan, most patients can achieve long-term relief and maintain an active, healthy lifestyle.